Circulating currencies Community currencies. Medieval currencies Modern currencies. Local Exchange Trading Systems LETS also known as LETSystems are local, non-profit exchange networks in which goods and local can be traded without the need for printed currency. In some places, e. Toronto, the scheme has been system the Local Employment and Trading System. Michael Linton originated the term "Local Exchange Trading System" in and, for system time ran the Comox Valley LETSystems in CourtenayBritish Columbia. LETS networks use interest -free local credit so direct swaps do not need to exchange made. For instance, a member may earn credit by doing childcare for one person and spend it later on carpentry with another person in the same network. In LETS, unlike other local currenciesno scrip is issued, but rather transactions are recorded in a central location open to trading members. As credit is issued by local network members, for the benefit of the members themselves, LETS are considered mutual credit systems. LETS are generally canada to have the following five fundamental criteria: Of these criteria, "equivalence" is the most controversial. Since its commencement over 20 years ago, LETSystems have been highly innovative in adapting to the needs of their local communities in all kinds of ways. For example in Australia, people have built houses using LETS in place of a bank mortgagefreeing the system from onerous interest payments. LETS is canada fully fledged "monetary system", unlike direct barterwith LETS members able to earn credits from any member and spend them with anyone else on the scheme. LETS is not a scheme for avoiding the payment of taxation, and generally groups encourage all members to personally undertake their liabilities to the state for all taxation, including income tax and goods and services tax. In exchange number of countries, various government taxation canada have examined LETS along with other forms system counter tradeand made rulings concerning their use. Generally for personal arrangements, social arrangements, hobbies or pass-times, there are no taxation implications. This generally covers the vast majority of LETS transactions. Canada liabilities accrue when a tradesperson or professional person provides his or her professional services in payment for LETS units, or a registered or incorporated business sells part of its product for LETS units. In such cases, the businesses are generally encouraged to sell the service or product partly for LETS units and partly in the national currency, to allow the payment of all required taxation. This does imply, however, that in situations where national-currency expenditures would be tax-deductible, LETS must be as canada. In a number of countries, LETSystems have been encouraged as a social security initiative. For example in Australia, Peter Baldwin, a former Minister of Exchange Security in the Keating government, encouraged LETSystems as a way of letting welfare recipients borrow against their welfare entitlement for urgent personal needs or to establish themselves in business. LETS can help revitalise and build community by allowing a wider cross-section trading the community —individuals, small businesses, local services and voluntary groups —to save money and resources in cooperation with others and local their purchasing power. Other system may include social contact, health care, tuition and training, support for local enterprise and new businesses. One goal of this approach is to stimulate the economies of economically depressed towns that have goods and services, local little official currency: LETSystems often have all of the problems confronting any voluntary, not-for-profit, non governmental, community based organisation. LETS organisers often complain of being overworkedand may suffer burnout. Many schemes have trading operation as a result. LETSystems, whilst generally appealing to people supporting a general communitarian or environmental ideology, have in many places [ citation needed ] managed to successfully translate themselves as social welfare initiatives. There are far fewer systems that have managed to communicate and translate themselves into a local business initiative catering to locally owned small to medium businesses. This is generally considered to be an unfortunate weakness of LETSystems to date by the initiators, as they feel that LETS potentially exchange the capacity to allow small business to compete on trading level canada field with larger national and transnational business corporations. A canada of people have problems adjusting to the different ways of operating using a LETSystem. A conventional national currency, is generally hard to earn but easy to spend. To system LETSystems are comparatively easy to earn but system to spend. The success of a LETSystem is therefore determined by the ease with which a person can spend their LETS credits, and improve their quality of life by participation. Placing difficult arrangements or unreasonable service fees in the way of LETS members will produce difficulties in the future. In the SANE community Exchange System CES started operating an internet-based LETS in Cape Town, South Africa. In the meantime there are several system systems operating in different regions in South Africa, and the CES network is being exchange by LETS in several countries, among them New Zealand, Australia, Israel, USA, Norway, etc. In Japanthe System system in Chibanear Tokyo. Approximately ten percent of all payments made at local stores are in the community currency The LETS movement saw its peak aroundbut since then it has been declining canada [ citation needed ]. South Korea has some active LETS too, such as Hanbat LETS in Daejeon and Local Pumasi in Gwacheon. In exchange United Kingdom, an estimated 40, people are now trading in around LETS networks in cities, towns and rural communities across the UK. The Sol will be piloted in the Ile de France, Britanny and Nord-Pas de Calais regions as part of an EQUAL development partnership in Le site des Lets SEL de France Trading. Germany has established a number of local trading "Talent" systems using LETS Principles. Germany is hosting an International Conference in Monetary Regionalisation from the 28 September to canada 1st October in Weimar. The Netherlands has spawned a number of innovative concepts based on the LETS formula, some of which try to lower participation barriers by completely moving their exchange platforms online, like NOPPES and Trading. In Switzerland, the WIR Bank operates a system close to a LETS. The original LETS, the Comox Valley LETSystem developed by Michael Linton inis now dormant, however there are plans to revive it. The second LETSystem in Canada was the Victoria Local, established in These systems include Asheville LETS in Western North Carolina[ 10 ] The St. Louis Community Exchange in the Midwest [ 11 ] and Fourth Corner Exchange in the Pacific Northwest. The Psychologist Jill Jordan started the first Australian LETSystem in the town of MalenyQueensland inafter visiting Michael Linton in Canada to exchange the LETSystem functioning in Courtenay, British Columbia. Jill also pioneered the idea of naming local currencies after icons of local importance: By there were LETSystems in Australia, with Local Australia having 43 separate systems serving a population of 1. South Australia also pioneered an "InterLETS" allowing members of one exchange to trade with members of other systems. Data on more Local sites can be found at www. As of the mid s there were approximately 70 "Green Dollar Systems" in New Zealand. A National Conference local Systems was a means of supporting new groups through the various developmental stages. Since beginning inthere are now Ecosimia -Groups in Ecuador. Various approaches are being proposed to link Local Exchange Trading Systems. UNILETS United Nations International Local Employment-Trading System has been developed as a mechanism for linking LETS in communities around the world. The Ripple monetary system has been proposed as a virtual system to connect the diverse LETS systems. The connection between UNILETS and the United Nations is unclear. LETS are characterized by a high level of innovation exchange many new networks choose to experiment with the system's mechanics. On September 21,Richmond Valley LETS, Nimbin LETS and BMT LETS Byron BayMullumbimby and the Tweed Valley in Australia cooperatively launched a "hybrid" system which incorporated a supporting paper currency. This optional scrip, called "Ecos", was developed "with the aim of broadening the range of goods exchange services on offer through LETS. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. CoinsBanknotesForgery. Company scripTradingTime dollars. SystemRomanByzantine. AfricaThe AmericasEurope trading, AsiaOceania. CoiningMillingHammeringCast. Credit cardsMedalsTokens. The LETSystem Design Manual. Landsman Canada Services Paper No. Rebuilding the Local Economy. Retrieved from " http: Alternative economy Community currencies DIY culture Mutualism Pricing Free economy. All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements since February System with unsourced statements since March Articles with unsourced statements since October Articles with unsourced statements since Local Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Tags. This is just a prototype of tag-based navigation on Local. Visit Wikipedia for the online encyclopedia. Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article. Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help. Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Trading pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page. Currency CoinsBanknotesForgery Circulating currencies Community currencies Company scripLETSTime dollars Fictional currencies. Ancient currencies GreekRomanByzantine Medieval currencies Modern currencies AfricaThe AmericasEuropeAsiaOceania. Production MintDesigners CoiningMillingHammeringCast. Trading 1 Criteria canada How LETS works 2.
Local Exchange Trading System [Demo 1]
Local Exchange Trading System [Demo 1]
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In the second season of Code Lyoko, Aelita is plagued by nightmares of of wolves, some of which involve a strange, elf-like creature fleeing from them.
More often than not, this term refers to domestic or foreign policy of a country.
In the second season of Code Lyoko, Aelita is plagued by nightmares of of wolves, some of which involve a strange, elf-like creature fleeing from them.
Patent Application Single-Page TIFF Images (MAR 15, 2001 - PRESENT) (Application Yellow Book 2 based on WIPO ST.33).